葱紫斑病发生及防治若干问题的初步研究Ⅱ.病斑产孢、孢子飞散传播

对葱紫斑病的病斑产孢、孢子飞散传播等进行了研究。结果表明:葱紫斑病的病斑在温度为25～28℃时的产孢能力最强,而在30～35℃时的产孢能力较差;葱紫斑病的病斑产孢量随着保湿时间的增长而增多;施氮、钾肥的植株产生的病斑的产孢量要小于不施肥及施磷肥的植株上产生的病斑的产孢量;病斑在黑暗条件下的产孢量明显高于在散射光条件下的产孢量;葱紫斑病的病斑在6～9日龄时产孢能力较强,其中8日龄病斑的产孢能力最强,而1～3日龄的病斑产孢能力较弱;病斑在夜间的的孢子释放量明显多于在白天的释放量。葱紫斑病在田间呈聚集型分布。     

黄牛木种群空间分布格局研究

为促进黄牛木Cratoxylum cochinchinense在珠三角地区生态建设中的推广和应用,采用样方调查法,于2016-2017年在广州市和台山市3个黄牛木天然林集中分布区布设样地,通过绘制种群空间分布点位置图,结合方差均值比率法和聚集度指标,分析种群的空间分布类型、聚集程度,从而揭示黄牛木种群的空间分布特性、生长动态及演替规律。结果表明:(1)研究样地内植物种类共有122种,隶属49科96属,样地群落丰富度表现为石花山样地>茶山样地>白云山样地,群落植被分层明显,各层的种数表现为灌木层(41种)>乔木层(40种)>草本层(29种)>层间植物(12种);(2)不同调查样地,黄牛木种群均表现为聚集分布,聚集程度为白云山样地>茶山样地>石花山样地;(3)不同地形条件,黄牛木种群对坡向具有一定的选择性,聚集程度表现为阴坡优于阳坡;(4)不同发育阶段,黄牛木种群从幼树至老树的时间序列上,其空间分布格局表现为从聚集至均匀至随机,随着发育程度的增加,种群具有扩散的趋势。     

Foraging by deep-burrowing earthworms degrades surface soil structure of a fluventic Hapludoll in Ohio

The presence of deep-burrowing earthworms can affect soil structure and infiltration, therefore influencing agricultural productivity. We investigated the effects of deep-burrowing earthworm species on soil structure at the surface of chisel-plowed or ridge-tilled cropping systems in Pike County, OH, planted to corn (Zea mays L.). Earthworm populations were experimentally manipulated in field enclosures by adding predominantly deep-burrowing Lumbricus terrestris L., or leaving enclosures unmodified in each tillage system. In 1995, after 2 years of bi-annual additions, we measured surface residue cover, dry sieved aggregates (DSA)- and water-stable aggregates (WSA), and carbon and nitrogen concentration of aggregates by size class, in each treatment combination. Also, in 1998, we used tension infiltrometry to examine crusting effects at the soil surface among earthworm treatments in the chisel-plow treatment. Earthworm additions yielded increased density and biomass of L. terrestris than ambient controls, and to a greater extent in the ridged corn–soybean (Glycine max L. Mess.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (CSW) than corn–soybean (CS) rotation. Percentage residue cover in CS cropping decreased with earthworm additions. Earthworm additions decreased the geometric mean weight diameter (GMWD) of DSA and WSA in chisel-plow treatment compared to no additions. Earthworm additions influenced carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios for smaller DSA and WSA. Water-stable aggregate C/N decreased with size class. The overall effect of earthworm additions was an increase in deep-burrowing earthworms, a decrease in surface residue cover, and more pronounced crusting, which decreased mesopore conductivity.     

闽北天然闽粤栲种群空间分布格局研究

在闽粤栲样地调查数据的基础上,运用方差均值比（C）、丛生指数（I）、扩散指数（Ib）、Cassie指数（Ca）、平均拥挤度与平均密度的比值（M·／x）和1wao回归方程对天然闽粤栲种群的空间分布格局进行分析．结果表明：闽粤栲的空间分布格局呈聚集分布,并且随着取样面积的减少,其聚集强度逐渐增强．     

梨小食心虫性信息素诱捕器的研究进展

主要从诱捕器的类型及影响诱捕效果的因素两方面论述了性信息素诱捕器在梨小食心虫监测和防治中的研究进展,并对该领域的未来发展进行了展望,以期为我国北方果树害虫梨小食心虫的准确、高效、经济、简便的监测和防治提供科学依据。     

Comparative study on thermal denaturation modes of myosin in walleye pollack and carp myofibrils as affected by salt concentration

ABSTRACT:   The effect of salt concentration on the thermal denaturation profile of myosin in walleye pollack and carp myofibrils was compared by studying the subfragment-1 (S-1) and rod denaturation rates upon heating. Species-specific denaturation mode observed at 0.1 M KCl was no longer detected when samples were heated above 0.5 M KCl, where S-1 and rod denaturation rates were identical to each other. As the heating of the chymotryptic digest of myofibril formed practically no rod aggregates, S-1 denaturation in a form of myosin was the rate limiting step for rod aggregate formation. As the aggregate formation by rod was remarkably suppressed by lowering the temperature, the free movement of myosin tail upon heating was suggested to play an important role in the rod aggregate formation in a high salt medium.     

紫红笛鲷人工繁殖及育苗技术研究报告

利用海水土池或网箱养殖三龄以上的紫红笛鲷成鱼,于催产前三个月进行强化培育。在水温达到 20.0℃以上的春、夏季,用绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)和释放激素(LRH-A_(2-3))进行催产,混合或单一使用,剂量视亲鱼性腺成熟度而定。受精卵在盐度27.9-33.5,水温26.5-30.5℃,pH8.2的水环境中经15-17h孵化。开口仔鱼在土池水温27.2-35.5℃.盐度:23.5-35.6.pH8.0-9.5的条件下,经28-30d培育.鱼体全长为2.5-3.2cm,仔鱼变态完全,成为幼鱼。     

春尺蠖卵块在柠条林的空间分布格局

对春尺蠖( Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff )卵块空间分布格局进行测定,应用平均拥挤度指标、扩散指数等5种聚集度指标以及Iwao 等2种回归模型法对春尺蠖卵块的空间分布型进行分析和检验,并根据Iwao模型参数建立春尺蠖卵块的理论抽样数模型及防治界限。结果表明：春尺蠖卵块在罗山柠条林呈聚集分布特征,分布的基本单位是个体群。引起聚集的原因主要是春尺蠖的自身习性,与环境因素也有一定关系。     

草地贪夜蛾性诱监测诱捕昆虫种类及雄蛾特征鉴别

草地贪夜蛾种群监测预报是指导防治的基础工作。在使用性信息素进行成虫种群监测过程中发现了劳氏黏虫、莴苣冬夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾3种非靶标鳞翅目昆虫。对诱捕到的3种非靶标鳞翅目昆虫的比例统计发现,劳氏黏虫最为常见,其次为莴苣冬夜蛾,二者占非靶标鳞翅目昆虫的98%以上,斜纹夜蛾数量较少。非靶标昆虫的比例与调查时期有关,5月至10月诱捕到草地贪夜蛾的比例为97.01%,11月至次年4月,非靶标鳞翅目昆虫比例超过50%。对4种昆虫雄蛾的主要特征进行了描述,为基于性信息素的草地贪夜蛾准确测报提供技术支持。